A shoe is an article of footwear designed to protect and comfort the human foot. Shoes are an important part of many types of clothing, and they are also an integral part of many work-related tasks. Shoes come in a wide variety of styles, colors, designs and sizes. Some are made from leather, which is durable and flexible; others are made from synthetic materials that are lighter and more breathable. Shoes are also worn by animals, especially dogs and horses.
In most of human history, the construction of shoes was a hand craft. Shoemakers would measure their clients’ feet, and make the shoes to fit them perfectly. This was done with a lapstone and hammer for many years, until the first shoe factory appeared in the 19th century.
Traditionally, shoes were designed for function and style. Dress shoes are generally made from expensive material, and may have elaborate decorations such as lace, beads and jewels. Working shoes are often made from cheaper materials and have a more utilitarian design. Shoes are often worn as costume or for ceremony, and these occasions tend to be more important factors in choosing a shoe than comfort or durability.
Most modern shoes are constructed on a last, which is a general model of the human foot. The last is usually carved out of wood or plastic, although it may be made from metal. Most shoes are made from two general forms of lasts, straight or curved. Straight lasted shoes are generally straighter in appearance, while curved lasted shoes are generally more curved overall.